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Whereas
recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable
rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom,
justice and peace in the world,
Whereas
disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous
acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a
world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and
freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration
of the common people,
Whereas
it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a
last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human
rights should be protected by the rule of law,
Whereas
it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between
nations,
Whereas
the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their
faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human
person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to
promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,
Whereas
Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the
United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of
human rights and fundamental freedoms,
Whereas
a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest
importance for the full realization of this pledge,
Now,
therefore, The General Assembly proclaims
This
Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of
achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every
individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly
in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for
these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and
international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and
observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among
the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.
Article
1
All
human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are
endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in
a spirit of brotherhood.
Article
2
Everyone
is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this
Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex,
language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social
origin, property, birth or other status.
Furthermore,
no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political,
jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to
which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust,
non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.
Article
3
Everyone
has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
Article
4
No
one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade
shall be prohibited in all their forms.
Article
5
No
one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading
treatment or punishment.
Article
6
Article
7
All
are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to
equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection
against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against
any incitement to such discrimination.
Article
8
Everyone
has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals
for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the
constitution or by law.
Article
9
No
one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Article
10
Everyone
is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an
independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights
and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
Article
11
- Everyone
charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent
until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has
had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
- No
one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or
omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or
international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a
heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the
time the penal offence was committed.
Article
12
No
one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy,
family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and
reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against
such interference or attacks.
Article
13
- Everyone
has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders
of each state.
- Everyone
has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return
to his country.
Article
14
- Everyone
has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from
persecution.
- This
right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising
from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and
principles of the United Nations.
Article
15
- Everyone
has the right to a nationality.
- No
one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the
right to change his nationality.
Article
16
- Men
and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality
or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are
entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its
dissolution.
- Marriage
shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the
intending spouses.
- The
family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is
entitled to protection by society and the State.
Article
17
- Everyone
has the right to own property alone as well as in association with
others.
- No
one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
Article
18
Everyone
has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right
includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either
alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest
his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
Article
19
Everyone
has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes
freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and
impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of
frontiers.
Article
20
- Everyone
has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
- No
one may be compelled to belong to an association.
Article
21
- Everyone
has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly
or through freely chosen representatives.
- Everyone
has the right of equal access to public service in his country.
- The
will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government;
this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which
shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret
vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.
Article
22
Everyone,
as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled
to realization, through national effort and international co-operation
and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of
the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity
and the free development of his personality.
Article
23
- Everyone
has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and
favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
- Everyone,
without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
- Everyone
who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring
for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and
supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
- Everyone
has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of
his interests.
Article
24
Everyone
has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of
working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
Article
25
- Everyone
has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and
well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing,
housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right
to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability,
widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond
his control.
- Motherhood
and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All
children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same
social protection.
Article
26
- Everyone
has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the
elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be
compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made
generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible
to all on the basis of merit.
- Education
shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and
to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental
freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship
among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the
activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
- Parents
have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given
to their children.
Article
27
- Everyone
has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the
community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement
and its benefits.
- Everyone
has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests
resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of
which he is the author.
Article
28
Everyone
is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and
freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
Article
29
- Everyone
has duties to the community in which alone the free and full
development of his personality is possible.
- In
the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject
only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the
purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and
freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality,
public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.
- These
rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the
purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article
30
Nothing
in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or
person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at
the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.
TRADUZIONE
IN LINGUAGGIO SEMPLIFICATO (PER
RENDERE LA DICHIARAZIONE CHIARA ED ACCESSIBILE A SCOLARI E STUDENTI)
Articolo
1
- Tutti
nascono liberi e devono essere trattati allo stesso modo. Tutti devono
agire verso gli altri in maniera amichevole.
Articolo
2
- Ognuno
ha gli stessi diritti malgrado il sesso, il colore della pelle, una
lingua diversa, la pensi differentemente, sia di un' altra religione,
sia più o meno ricco, sia nato in un altro paese o gruppo sociale.
- Non
fa inoltre alcuna differenza se il paese in cui vive sia più o meno
indipendente.
Articolo
3
- Hai
diritto a vivere ed a vivere in libertà e sicurezza.
Articolo
4
- Nessuno
ha diritto di farti schiavo, ma nemmeno tu hai diritto di fare altre
persone schiave di te.
Articolo
5
- Nessuno
ha il diritto di torturarti o di trattarti in maniera crudele.
Articolo
6
- Devi
essere protetto legalmente e nello stesso modo ovunque, e come tutti
gli altri.
Articolo
7
- La
legge è la stessa pet tutti e deve essere applicata allo stesso modo
a tutti.
Articolo
8
- Hai
diritto di chiedere assistenza legale quando i diritti fondamentali
non sono rispettati.
Articolo
9
- Nessuno
ha il diritto di imprigionarti, mantenerti in prigione o mandarti in
esilio ingiustamente o senza una buona ragione.
Articolo
10
- Se
devi andare in tribunale uesto deve essere pubblico. Il tribunale deve
essere indiependente ed imparziale.
Articolo
11
- Devi
essere considerato innnocente fino a che non venga provato che tu sia
colpevole. Se sei accusato di un crimine devi sempre avere la
possibilità di difenderti e nessuno ha il diritto di condannarti o
punirti per qualcosa che tu non hai fatto.
Articolo
12
- Hai
diritto a essere protetto se qualcuno danneggia il tuo nome, entra
nella tua casa, apre le tue lettere o molesta te o la tua famiglia
senza una accettabile ragione.
Articolo
13
- Hai
diritto di muoverti come vuoi nel tuo paese, di andare in un altro
paese e, se vuoi, di ritornare nel tuo.
Articolo
14
- Hai
diritto di andare in un altro paese e chiedere asilo e protezione.
Perdi questo diritto se hai ucciso qualcuno o se non rispetti quanto
è qui scritto.
Articolo
15
- Hai
diritto ad appartenere ad una nazione e nessuno può impedirti, senza
una buona ragione, di far parte di un' altra se così desideri.
Articolo
16
- Hai
diritto, quando raggiungi l' età legale di sposarti e di avere una
famiglia. Nel far ciò nè il colore della tua pelle, il paese da dove
vieni o la tua religione possono essere impedimenti.
- Uomini
e donne hanno gli stessi diritti quando sono sposati ed anche da
separati
- Nessuno
può forzare una persona a sposarsi.
- Il
governo del tuo paese deve proteggere la tua famiglia ed i suoi membri
Articolo
17
- Hai
il diritto di possedere, da solo oin associazione, cose o proprietà e
nessuno, senza una valida ragione, può privarteene.
Articolo
18
- Hai
il diritto di professare liberamente la tua religione, di cambiarla, e
di praticarla col tuo popolo o con altri.
Articolo
19
- Hai
diritto di pensare ciò che vuoi, di dire quello che ti piace e
nessuno te lo può impedire
- Devi
avere la possibilità di scambiare le tue idee anche con persone di
altre nazioni.
Articolo
20
- Hai
il diritto di organizzare riunioni pacifiche o di prendervi parte.
Nessuno deve essere forzato alla partecipazione.
Articolo
21
- Hai
diritto a prendere parte agli affari politici del tuo paese o
direttamente o attraverso la scelta di rappresentanti da te eletti.
- I
governi devono essere votati liberamente ed il voto dev' essere
segreto.
- L'
accesso ai servizi pubblici è eguale per tutti.
Articolo
22
- La
società in cui vivi ti deve aiutare a sviluppare lavoro e cultura che
devono essere offeri a te in egual misura che ad altri.
Articolo
23
- Hai
diritto al lavoro, alla libera scelta di esso, ad avere un salario che
permetta a te ed alla tua famiglia di vivere.
- Se
un uomo ed una donna fanno lo stesso lavoro devono avere lo stesso
salario.
- Tutti
i lavoratori hanno diritto ai sindacati, per proteggere i propri
interessi.
Articolo
24
- Ogni
giornata lavorativa non deve essere troppo lunga, poichè ciascuno ha
il diritto di riposarsi e di avere vacanze regolari e pagate.
Articolo
25
- Hai
diritto di avere ciò che è necessario affinchè tu (e la tua
famiglia) non sia ammalato, non sia affamato, abbia vestiti ed una
casa ed hai diritto ad essere aiutato se sei senza lavoro, malato,
anziano, se il tuo coniuge è morto o se non guadagni abbastanza da
vivere.
- La
madre in attesa di un bimbo deve avere un aiuto speciale.
- Tutti
i bambini devono avere gli stessi diritti, anche se la loro madre non
è sposata.
Articolo
26
- Hai
diritto di andare a scuola e tutti devono andarvi.
- La
scuola elementare dev' essere gratuita.
- Hai
diritto di continuare a studiare o imparare un mestiere, come desideri
- A
scuola devi avere la possibilità di sviluppare il tuo talento
unitamente agli altri, indipendentemente dalla loro razza o religione.
- I
tuoi genitori hanno il diritto di scegliere come e che cosa ti venga
insegnato
Articolo
27
- Hai
diritto di partecipare alla vita artistica e culturale o scientifica
del tuo paese: I tuoi eventuali lavori in questo campo devono essere
protetti e tu puoi trarne il vantaggio dovuto.
Articolo
28
- Per
il rispetto dei tuoi diritti deve esserci un "ordine"
nazionale ed internazionale
Articolo
29
- Hai
dei doveri nei riguardi della comunità nella quale la tua
personalità si può sviluppare. Le leggi devono garantire i diritti
umani e permettere a ciascuno di rispettare gli altri e di essere
rispettato.
Articolo
30
- In
tutto il mondo nessun essere umano, società od organizzazione possono
agire in maniera tale da distruggere questi diritti.
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