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Tooan Tuh, or Spring Fog

Painter:
Charles Bird King date uncertain

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Colonel McKenney and Spring Frog were both old men when they looked back and reviewed their lives, recalling old battles, great councils, and warriors and statesmen, red and white, who had joined the Grandfathers.

The most memorable days of his life, Spring Frog told the Indian superintendent, were those he had spent in long solitary hunts in the forest or playing the wild game of Indian lacrosse or acting as a mediator between his nation and other tribes to avoid war.

Puffing contentedly at his pipe he agreed he was a happy man; he had a small log cabin, a faithful old wife, some ponies, dogs, a patch of beans and pumpkins, and a fireplace where he could drink some whiskey and talk with the old men about the days of their youth.

McKenney found him a likable, mild man, but from other chiefs he knew Spring Frog could be a terrifying man of war when his family or friends were endangered. He had heard how Spring Frog had trailed for hundreds of miles a war party of Osage who had raided his village and then killed them.

However, it was not the Cherokee's exploits on the war path that had made him a legend in the songs and stories of his people, but his skill on the ball field.

McKenney, who many times witnessed the tumultuous games, found them "intensely exciting". He wrote:
 

The number engaged is often great, comprising the principal men, the most distinguished warriors, and the most promising young men of the band; for this is the great theatre on which the ambitious and aspiring exhibit those personal qualities that are held in the highest repute by the savage warrior. The whole population of the village pours out to witness the inspiring spectacle, and like the spectators of a horse-race in Virginia, all take sides, and feel as if the honour of the country was staked upon the contest. The excitement is often increased by gambling to immense amounts... women and children share in the interest, watch the progress with intense anxiety, and announce the result by loud shouts. The contest is active and even fierce. The party exercise great command over their tempers, and usually conduct their sports with good humour and great hilarity; but the excitement is always high, and sometimes the deeper passions are awakened. The struggle then becomes fearful. A number of muscular men, inured to toil and danger, savage, irascible and revengeful, by nature and habit, are seen, with their limbs and bodies naked, and oiled to enable them the more readily to elude the grasp of an adversary -now rushing after the ball with uplifted sticks, now gathered round it, striking at it with rapid blows, darting upon each other, pulling, wrestling, and presenting a medley in which it seems hardly possible that heads or limbs must not be broken. Blows are received as if upon bodies of iron.... But none are killed; the wounded soon forget their bruises, and the beaten bear their discomfiture without murmur.

Spring Frog was a strong supporter of the government's argument that for the Cherokee to survive they must move west. He and his family were one of the first in the nation to yield up their lands to the United States and move to Arkansas.

As McKenney said of Tooan Tuh (or Yoosto): "He is a man of excellent disposition, and very correct and honorable in all his dealings. As such men, he was respected by his people."

  

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