Constants Tables 
Star Tables| Planet | distance | revolution | eccentricity | inclination |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A.U.) | (deg) | |||
| Mercury | 0.387 | 87.97 d | 0.2056 | 7.0 |
| Venus | 0.723 | 224.70 d | 0.0068 | 3.4 |
| Earth | 1.000 | 365.26 d | 0.0167 | 0.00 |
| Mars | 1.524 | 686.98 d | 0.0934 | 1.85 |
| Jupiter | 5.203 | 11.86 y | 0.04845 | 1.305 |
| Saturn | 9.539 | 29.46 y | 0.05565 | 2.489 |
| Uranus | 19.182 | 84.01 y | 0.0472 | 0.773 |
| Neptune | 30.06 | 164.79 y | 0.00858 | 1.773 |
| Pluto | 39.53 | 247.68 y | 0.2482 | 17.15 |
Notes: Distance is the semi-major axis in astronomical units (1 A.U. = 1.496 · 108 km); rotation and revolution are the sidereal rotation period and sidereal orbital period, h = hours, d = days; eccentricity is the orbital eccentricity = 1 – (perihelion/semi-major axis); and inclination is the tilt of the orbit with respect to the Earth's orbit.
| Planet | Mass | Diameter | density | oblateness | rotation | axis tilt | mag. field |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (x ME) | (km) | (g/cm3) | [=(De – Dp)/De] | (deg) | ($\times$Earth's) | ||
| Mercury | 0.0553 | 4880 | 5.43 | 0.000 | 58.81 d | 0.1 | 0.006 |
| Venus | 0.815 | 12,104 | 5.20 | 0.000 | 243.69 d | 177.3 | 0.00 |
| Earth | 1.000 | 12,742 | 5.52 | 0.0034 | 23.9345 h | 23.45 | 1.000 |
| Mars | 0.107 | 6780 | 3.93 | 0.0065 | 24.623 h | 25.19 | 0.00 |
| Jupiter | 317.83 | 139,822 | 1.33 | 0.0649 | 9.925 h | 3.12 | 19,519 |
| Saturn | 95.162 | 116,464 | 0.687 | 0.098 | 10.50 h | 26.73 | 578 |
| Uranus | 14.536 | 50,724 | 1.32 | 0.023 | 17.24 h | 97.86 | 47.9 |
| Neptune | 17.147 | 49,248 | 1.64 | 0.017 | 16.11 h | 29.56 | 27.0 |
| Pluto | 0.0021 | 2274 | 2.05 | 0.0 | 6.405 d | 122.46 | 0.00 |
Notes: Mass is given in Earth masses (1 ME = 5.9736 · 1024 kg); diameter is the "volumetric mean diameter" that takes into account the planet's oblateness; oblateness measures how much a planet bulges at the equator [= (equatorial – polar diameter)/(equatorial diameter)]; and axis tilt is the tilt of the planet's rotation axis with respect to its orbital plane; magnetic field (mag. field) is the total strength (NSSDC gives strength in #gauss · Rplanet3, where Rplanet is the radius of the planet and the Earth's magnetic field strength = 0.3076 gauss · Rplanet3 = 7.981 · 1010 gauss.
| Planet | g (x gE) | vesc (km/s) | distance (A.U.) | albedo (%) | temperature (K) | atm. press. (x Earth's) | atm. comp. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mercury | 0.378 | 4.3 | 0.387 | 5.6 | 100 night, 590–725 day | 10-15 | 98% He, 2% H2 |
| Venus | 0.907 | 10.36 | 0.723 | 72 | 737 | 91 | 96.5% CO2, 3.5% N2, 0.015% SO2 |
| Earth | 1.000 | 11.186 | 1.000 | 38.5 | 283–293 day | 1.000 | 78.084% N2, 20.946% O2, 0.934% Ar, 0.035% CO2, H2O highly variable ( <1%) |
| Mars | 0.377 | 5.03 | 1.524 | 16 | 184–242 day | 0.007–0.009 | 95.32% CO2, 2.7% N2, 1.6% Ar, 0.13% O2, 0.08% CO, 0.021% H2O, 0.01% NO |
| Jupiter | 2.364 | 59.5 | 5.203 | 70 | 165 | >>100 | 89% H2, 11% He, 0.2% CH4, 0.02% NH3 |
| Saturn | 0.916 | 35.5 | 9.539 | 75 | 134 | >>100 | 89% H2, 11% He, 0.3% CH4, 0.02% NH3 |
| Uranus | 0.889 | 21.3 | 19.182 | 90 | 76 | >>100 | 89% H2, 11% He |
| Neptune | 1.125 | 23.5 | 30.06 | 82 | 72 | >>100 | 89% H2, 11% He |
| Pluto | 0.0675 | 1.1 | 39.53 | 14.5 | 50 | 0.003 | CH4, N2 |
Notes: Surface gravity g is given in Earth gravities (1 gE = 9.803 m/s2); escape velocity is vesc, albedo is the percent of ALL of the Sun's energy hitting the planet that is reflected (100% would be perfect reflection); temperature and surface gravity for Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune are given at a depth where the atmospheric pressure = 1 Earth atmosphere; atmospheric pressure (atm. press.) is at the surface (>>100 for the jovian planets).
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