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His long terrestrial experience (he/she lived 87 years) you/he/she was
marked by a strong religious vocation matured in the climate of that expectation
Escatologica to a large extent inspired by Flower Gioacchino "the
calavrese… of gifted prophetic spirit", that will push him/it
with maniacal urgency to the search of the extreme loneliness and the
autoannientamento through the daily mortification of the meat.
On I break down him/it some search they are glimpse the great themes that
characterized the last foreshortening of the slow Middle Age: the clash
among the Ecclesia Carnalis represented by Bonifacio VIII, and the Ecclesia
Spiritualis constituted by the swarming seven " paueristiches ",
well represented from Francis of Assisi and Jacopone from Todi; the tormented
one I take over some dynasty angioina on the ashes of that sveva; the
last great clash among the Spiritual Power (Bonifacio VIII) and the Temporal
Power (Phillip IV of France said the Beautiful one).
Obstinate adversary of the power, of the glory and of the deafening messages
of happiness offered by the worldly life, among he/she lived 65 of his
long 87 years in absolute segregation on the mountains of the Maiella.
Roused by Charles II Of Angiò while it was residing in his cave
of S. Onofrio on the Morrone, it was imposed to the 1292-94 Perugia Conclave
what Pontiff with the name of Celestino V. Past to the history like the
holder dell "shade of he who did for viltade the big refusal"
it was instead a giant that with humility and steadiness it deposed the
tiara, after alone 504 days of bankruptcy government of the Church, because
unavailable to guarantee the iniquities of the "Ecclesia Carnalis"
perefettamente represented by the successor Bonifacio VIII, (the pontiff
that the Jubilee invents). The historical event happened in the icy boundaries
of the Male Angioino, perhaps in the Room of the Dinette (The De Blasis
says that the renouncement happened in the superior great room sistentis
remembered in a diploma of king Roberto; the they Conceal he/she affirms
that Celestino rinunziò to the Papacy in the Gothic room ; the
Gallant retains that he abdicated to the right in the room of the old
armory ch'è of the church of S. Barbara. For others the extraordinary
event happened in the greatest room or room of the dinette that you/he/she
was set in the western curtain, and that room aragonese will be called
then. For other anchor the famous formula was read in the ancient Chapel
Palatina , said then, from 1776, church of S. Barbara).
In 1241, after a brief parenthesis of study in Laterano Rome leaves and
is installed in a cave near Sulmona, in place Segezzano, probably after
having learned that in that places the famous hermit Flaviano had resided
from Fossanova.
In that cave, the young hermit starts to be approached by those that will
be the future disciples. It deals with hundreds of deriving young people
from the near hovels of Bucchianico, Caramanico, Salle, Roccamorice, Pratola,
attracted by his increasing fame of holiness, and desirous to share with
him the sufferings and the deprivations of the life eremitica. He welcomes
them his despite, because also being animate from deep feelings of generosity
and love for the next one, it doesn't intend to share with some his loneliness.
It is a taciturn, silent and reserved man that runs away, when it is able,
the noisy intrusiveness of his similar. In 1246, really because impatient
to the frequentazione of the believers, that you/they become more and
more numerous and petulant, it abandons the hermitage of Segezzano to
shelter him in the near Maiella where, on the horrid wall of the bear,
to the Ripa Rossa, it finds a first inaccessible shelter.
Subsequently it will be moved in one among the most impervious precipices
of those mountains, called S. Spirito of Maiella where then the famous
monastery will be built that up to June of 1293 it will be Caput Congregationis.
It will stay for long years on the Maiella, always in escape from the
annoying throngs of believers that laid a trap his loneliness, and always
to the search of new and more unattainable caverns, in vain hoping in
their dissuasive ability, because pilgrims' masses, poor, ill and desperate,
to find comfort to their sufferings, will reach him/it anywhere, also
when it will find shelter in the prohibitive caverns of S. Bartolomeo
of Legio and S. Giovanni on the Orfento. Here, on the mountains of the
Maiella, in the years that have gone since 1246 to 1293, his fame it is
consolidated of definitely venerable taumaturgo.
Mild man, silent, bashful, but above all humble, Pietro conducted a life
always inspired coherently to the canons of the primitive Christianity
and the pauperismo francescano. Penitence, prayer, silence, rigorous abstinence,
hard and prolonged fasts, autofustigazione and mortification of the meat:
they were these the managers that directed without standstill and without
solution of continuity his long terrestrial circumstance. A well orchestrated
fable from some forgeries of his estimators he/she wants him/it man of
power, man of organization, man of apparatus, untiring devoted manager
to the construction of castles and buildings but Pietro from Morrone was
never anything of all of this. The big part of the possessions attributed
to its Congregation reached him from donations and transfers to varied
title, of which it almost always ignored not only the entity but the same
existence. Pietro from Morrone was never community man, never man d '
" Ecclesia " in narrow sense, never man from "the believers'
meeting", never supine part of a shapeless mass of believers united
by dogmatic ties but Christian individual that believes in the message
of poverty and renouncement proposed by Christ; message to which will
meticulously be concerned, until after all, up to the extreme consequences.
In June of 1293, always pushed by his insuppressible greed of loneliness,
it summons the quarter (and I complete) General Chapter and, among the
dismay of the disciples, it communicates his irreversible decision to
want him to withdraw forever on the Morrone, being by now come at the
end of his terrestrial run. To such purpose it will make to dig the famous
hermitage of S. Onofrio, where he/she will live for thirteen months in
absolute segregation, chopping off all the contacts with the external
world, except those tightly connected to the survival.
In that cave Pietro lives his last days of loneliness in the more depth
and aware enjoyment of the divine grace. It is happy, satisfied, serene.
Its accounts with God are in order. It is by now sure to have reached
the destination, and it foretastes with joy the imminent realization of
the only great dream of his life: to rejoin him to God and to redeliver
to him the pure and immaculate soul as Him you/he/she had entrusted to
him him. It ignores that the History is in trap and is about to uncover
him/it from that real antechamber of the heaven called S. Onofrio.
If it were dead before July 5 of 1294, a stranger you/he/she would have
remained, one between the so many hermits and " santoni " that
to that times they swarmed on the dorsal appenninica abruzzese. That five
of July were him fatal. To Perugia, the eleven cardinal survivors that
from 27 months, from when that is Niccolò IV had disappeared, the
they were contended I am Accustomed to of Pietro, they raised him/it to
the Top Pontificate. Completing a gesture of authentic irresponsibility,
adequately blamed never by the historians, the cardinal-electors loaded
him a burden for him unbearable and from him, besides, never in demand
neither, so much less, ambìto. In the fray (and therefore in the
business of the Conclave) Charles II of Angiò was also thrown which
had urgent need of a pope that ratified the accord reached with the aragonesis
for the restitution of Sicily. And it was really in that occasion that
French measured Cardinal Benedetto Caetani's grim, the future Bonifacio
VIII, which he/she invited him/it, not very politely, to make himself/herself/themselves
its business in his/her house, and to be him of it therefore to the wide
one from the circumstances of the Church.
The king, indignant for the suffered shame, but also desperate because
it risked of frustrated veder the effects of the reached agreement, Perugia
he/she leaves, but instead of proceeding for Naples it goes to Sulmona
and it plays a paper that will be revealed winning: acting on the good
faith of Pietro, it instigates him/it to write a strange letter to the
reunited cardinal in conclave. In that missive Pietro solicited the election
of the new Pope, threatening the anger of God if you/they had subsequently
extended the widowhood of the "Bride of Christ." And those,
as lightened by a Celestial revelation, they individualized really in
him, in the poor hermit morronese, the sacrificial lamb to which to entrust,
in one of the most dramatic moments of the clash with the temporal power,
a Church that had touched the fund of the moral and spiritual decency.
Since immediately, however, the victim escaped from their hands, because
the new Pontiff was, of fact, seized by the king angioino, that did an
unaware and jewel of it tool of his political handlings.
Around Celestino V, from the August 29 to December 13 of 1294, busybodies,
lobbyists, profiteers, solicitors, traffickers and barraters of every
ream will pasture, that its name and the stamped papal parchments will
use in white, to conclude theirs ignoble affari.E ' by now old, tired,
decrepit, consumed by the afflictions and by a life done of difficulties
and of inexpressible deprivations, but it finds the courage and the strength
to oppose himself/herself/themselves to that foolish.
The December 13 of 1293 summons the Concistoro and, ordering to everybody
to keep silent, said and it imposes its renouncement to the astounded
cardinal, regardless of the threats of the Neapolitan populace that, instigated
by the king and perhaps also from some disciples of his, it attacks him/it
devastating and ransacking its humble abode. It is the great day. It is
the day of his ransom and the Church of Christ. It is the day when it
shows to the whole world that you/they can also be moved the mountains
in name of the faith. As a wounded giant, that eleven sinners it is rebelled
to, it hisses them in name of God and renunciation (that's why it doesn't
belong to Celestino V l ' "shade of he who did for viltade the big
refusal", because it was renunciation, I don't refuse, and Dante
knew very well the difference among the two terms!) to that charge whose
last finality was that to damn its soul and to cover with mud the name
of the Church.
That December 13 of seven hundred years the one which has passed to the
history as the leader of the cowards, leaves ago, the trionfatore papacy
and from winning: from trionfatore because neither the threats, neither
the flatteries of the strong powers of its time, succeed in holding nails
him to a role that didn't serve to make glory to God; winning, because
it wins the only battle from him fought, against the only his/her deadly
enemy, the Malignant one.
The December 24 of that same year, to alone ten days from his renunciation,
with the jewel I introduce some French votes piloted by Charles of Angiò,
it is chosen pope Benedetto Caetani that it assumes the name of Bonifacio
VIII.
In the night of January 1 of 1295, when they miss 17 months at the end
of his martyrdom, hunted as a dangerous criminal by the joined polices
of Charles of Angiò and Bonifacio VIII, the pope dimissionario
runs away from S.Germano to reach its beloved cell on the Morrone and
subsequently Puglia, from where it will try the embarkation for Greece.
Captured near Vieste and delivered to Bonifacio, after having been entertained
in the abode anagnina of the Pope, you/he/she is translated in the horrendous
tower of Castel Fumone where it will stay up to the end of his days. The
detention, despite the numerous falsifications alleged by the partisan
of Bonifacio, it was hard; the extreme rigor of that captivity is broadly
documented by all the reporters of the epoch.
Finally, after trecentodiciannove days of hard jail, its bell' animates
it releases from abhors him carcass of meat and bones, to reach the destination
for a long time craved: God. They are the 16 (to the evening) of Saturday
May 19 1296.
Four hundred years later, Lelio Marini, the most informed biographer of
the Saint (Pietro was canonized the May 5 of 1313 by Clemente V) you/he/she
will try to show, with an accurate and spiteful examination of numerous
historical finds, that the hermit was heathenly killed for order of Bonifacio
VIII (The enigma of the death of Celestino V has broadly been essay in
my preceding search from the title "You legend of the murderous nail
", Thomas Marotta Publisher in Naples).
The Church, in the last 700 years you/he/she has always tried to remove
this bulky character, above all to stretch a veil on the deep and actual
content of his message because Pietro from Morrone, is today still a wandering
mine for the strong " powers ", laymen and cleric. The poverty,
the continence, the reservation, the contempt for the possession and the
refusal of the power, as he has lived them and practiced, they strongly
represent transgressive values and destabilizzanti for the " market
", that is exclusively held up on the culture of the most unbridled
consumerism and on the dilapidazione of the human and environmental resources.
"Its election was a misfortune for the Church", the German historian
Peter Herde, hiding so the truth-true one and that is that that election
was above all a misfortune for the unlucky hermit. Pietro from Morrone
(St. Pietro to Maiella - Celestino V) it is today still an uncomfortable
man for some retroguardies of the Catholic world, that have never forgiven
him the brave gesture of the renouncement, with which you/he/she has concretely
shown that power is not everything in the life of a man, neither the fact
that that gesture was also (diamogli finally name and last name) an action
of real insubordination. But it is not everything: the humble hermit of
the Morrone discounts today still the punishment of the ostracism, because
you/he/she is accused of having established a direct relationship with
God, putting aside from the mediation of the ecclesiastical hierarchies;
to formally have been a Benedictine, but substantially a francescano,
a francescano of breakup, pauperista, testamentary. And you/he/she has
not been forgiven him, finally, his stubbornness, his strong temperament,
southern, his to act reserved and taciturn, in a society as ours where
the presenzialismo and the raving it triumphs. It consists in this the
true dangerousness of St. Pietro to Maiella. Its message is devastante,
because, where divulged and recepito, would send in splinters the fatuous
scaffolding built by the salespeoples of prices happiness torn.
Index
Premise Pag.
Preface "
Prologue "
The age of the great fears "
A light of hope "
Among between heresy and orthodoxy "
Among the manicheo "
Francis's perfume "
Blessed by Norcia the great teacher, "
The maternal influence "
Power of the Malignant one "
Mrs. poverty "
Mrs. loneliness "
1. Of the infancy and of the youth "
One important century "
On the origins of among "
The child of the miracles "
Desire of loneliness "
Among and her "female matter "
2. A hermit in Laterano "
Among her "gens immunda" of the quarrelsome
Rome "
He/she returns the anger of the almighty one "
3. First footsteps on the Morrone "
Among and his first disciples "
Miracles to Segezzano "
4. Pietro from Morrone, who he was? "
A hermit's day "
Pietro's rest "
Pietro's Lents "
5. The years of the Maiella "
In the pliers of the History "
Miracles on the Maiella "
A Congregation in danger "
6. A legendary trip "
To Lione between history and legend "
Death's prophecies, prophecies of life "
7. Among teacher of life and humility "
The school of the humility "
Miracles in Faifoli "
The cruel Simone of S. Angelo "
8. The History in trap "
The "Brotherly" of Isernia "
He/she anchors miracles on the Maiella "
Sicily in flames "
The "Great Electors" "
Perugia of the intrigues "
9. The bitter wine glass "
I return to S. Onofrio "
Miracles to S. Onofrio "
The humiliated Conclave "
10. The Pontiff on the asinello "
Jesus's asinello "
The captivity aquilana "
The "Perdonanza" "
Toward the Neapolitan captivity "
11. The day of the "big refusal" "
The errors of Celestino "
Homage to St. Vincent to the Volturno "
The "case St. German" "
Miracles in Earth of Job "
L ' "AFFAIRE" CASTROCIELO "
The five days that upset the world "
To future memory "
Schools of thought on the "big refusal" "
Dante with Dante "
The "big refusal" of Matteo Rosso of the Orsinis "
Pietro's coherence "
Judgments on the legitimacy of the renouncement "
Benedict's Caetani time "
Bonifacio VIII, who he was? "
12. The escape and the capture "
Escape from St. German "
Miracles to S. Onofrio "
The anger of Bonifacio "
L ' "Operation Celestino" "
The capture "
13. From Vieste to Anagni among two wings of crowd osannante
"
L ' humility of an illustrious prisoner "
The last miracles of among "
Among in the hands of Bonifacio "
14. Toward the Golgota "
"When Fumone smokes all Country it trembles"
"
The "mystery" of S. Onofrio "
Epilogue "
1296. Bonifacio revokes her/it "Perdonanza"
of Collemaggio "
1299. Miracles post mortem "
1296-1293. The wars of Bonifacio "
1300. A beautiful found: the great Jubilee "
1301. The Beads of the terror "
1303. The "insulto of Anagni" "
1303. Death of Bonifacio "
1306-1313. Of the process of Canonization of among "
1327. The bare steal "
1630. Among you/he/she was murdered? "
1807. As a Congregation dies "
1988. The bare ones stolen by the dolts "
2000. Among old and new detractors "
The unbearable message of Celestino "
Notes "
Documents "
1. A physician-legal skill on the skull of Celestino "
2. I take off some laude of Buccio from Ranallo on the Perdonanza "
3. A rare mini-biography of among "
4. The Decree of Election of July 5 1294 "
5. The "Apparent" of Length "
6. The Bead "Praeteritorum temporum" (I take off) "
7. The "insulto" of Anagni in the version of
Luigi Tosti "
8. Between history and legend, news on the relics of Celestino "
9. The Bead "Unam Sanctam" "
10 as Giovanni Villani tells the election of Pietro from Morrone "
Bibliography "
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